In exile, they formed their own anticommunist organizations or joined other Russian émigré groups such as the Russian All-Military Union (ROVS). As the Soviets emerged victorious in the civil war, many Cossack veterans, fearing reprisals and the Bolsheviks’ de-Cossackization policies, fled abroad to countries in Central and Western Europe. As a result, the majority of Cossack soldiers were mobilized against the Red Army. 5.3 Fort Dix, New Jersey, United Statesĭuring the Russian Civil War (1917–1923), Cossack leaders and their governments generally sided with the White movement.
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